Comparative Performance of GNSS Configurations in Malaysia: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01913Keywords:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), performance evaluation, position accuracyAbstract
This study investigates the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) configurations in Malaysia under both static and kinematic conditions. Data were collected using a U-blox NEO-M8N receiver to evaluate GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, and their combinations. Results indicate that the GPS+BeiDou configuration consistently outperforms others in terms of positioning accuracy, altitude stability, and trajectory consistency. Static analysis shows minimal coordinate dispersion and altitude fluctuation, while kinematic tests confirm robust performance in challenging environments with multipath effects. Dilution of precision (HDOP, VDOP, PDOP) metrics further validate the superior reliability of GPS+BeiDou. Overall, the findings highlight GPS+BeiDou as the optimal configuration for precise and reliable positioning in Malaysian environments.
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